Python线程指南

encoding: UTF-8
import thread
import time
 一个用于在线程中执行的函数
def func():
for i in range(5):
print 'func'
time.sleep(1)
结束当前线程
这个方法与thread.exit_thread()等价
thread.exit() # 当func返回时，线程同样会结束
 启动一个线程，线程立即开始运行
这个方法与thread.start_new_thread()等价
 第一个参数是方法，第二个参数是方法的参数
thread.start_new(func, ()) # 方法没有参数时需要传入空tuple
创建一个锁（LockType，不能直接实例化）
 这个方法与thread.allocate_lock()等价
lock = thread.allocate()
判断锁是锁定状态还是释放状态
print lock.locked()
 锁通常用于控制对共享资源的访问
count = 0
 获得锁，成功获得锁定后返回True
 可选的timeout参数不填时将一直阻塞直到获得锁定
 否则超时后将返回False
if lock.acquire():
count += 1
 释放锁
lock.release()
 thread模块提供的线程都将在主线程结束后同时结束
time.sleep(6) 

thread 模块提供的其他方法：
thread.interrupt_main(): 在其他线程中终止主线程。
thread.get_ident(): 获得一个代表当前线程的魔法数字，常用于从一个字典中获得线程相关的数据。这个数字本身没有任何含义，并且当线程结束后会被新线程复用。

encoding: UTF-8
import threading
 方法1：将要执行的方法作为参数传给Thread的构造方法
def func():
print 'func() passed to Thread'
t = threading.Thread(target=func)
t.start()
 方法2：从Thread继承，并重写run()
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
print 'MyThread extended from Thread'
t = MyThread()
t.start() 
 

构造方法：
Thread(group=None, target=None, name=None, args=(), kwargs={})
group: 线程组，目前还没有实现，库引用中提示必须是None；
target: 要执行的方法；
name: 线程名；
args/kwargs: 要传入方法的参数。

encoding: UTF-8
import threading
import time
def context(tJoin):
print 'in threadContext.'
tJoin.start()
将阻塞tContext直到threadJoin终止。
tJoin.join()
 tJoin终止后继续执行。
print 'out threadContext.'
def join():
print 'in threadJoin.'
time.sleep(1)
print 'out threadJoin.'
tJoin = threading.Thread(target=join)
tContext = threading.Thread(target=context, args=(tJoin,))
tContext.start() 
 

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
import time
rlock = threading.RLock()
def func():
# 第一次请求锁定
print '%s acquire lock...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
if rlock.acquire():
print '%s get the lock.' % threading.currentThread().getName()
time.sleep(2)
# 第二次请求锁定
print '%s acquire lock again...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
if rlock.acquire():
print '%s get the lock.' % threading.currentThread().getName()
time.sleep(2)
# 第一次释放锁
print '%s release lock...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
rlock.release()
time.sleep(2)
# 第二次释放锁
print '%s release lock...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
rlock.release()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t3.start() 

3.4. Condition

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
import time
# 商品
product = None
# 条件变量
con = threading.Condition()
# 生产者方法
def produce():
global product
if con.acquire():
while True:
if product is None:
phrint 'produce...'
product = 'anything'
# 通知消费者，商品已经生产
con.notify()
# 等待通知
con.wait()
time.sleep(2)
# 消费者方法
def consume():
global product
if con.acquire():
while True:
if product is not None:
print 'consume...'
product = None
# 通知生产者，商品已经没了
con.notify()
# 等待通知
con.wait()
time.sleep(2)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=produce)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=consume)
t2.start()
t1.start() 

3.5. Semaphore/BoundedSemaphore

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
import time
# 计数器初值为2
semaphore = threading.Semaphore(2)
def func():
# 请求Semaphore，成功后计数器-1；计数器为0时阻塞
print '%s acquire semaphore...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
if semaphore.acquire():
print '%s get semaphore' % threading.currentThread().getName()
time.sleep(4)
# 释放Semaphore，计数器+1
print '%s release semaphore' % threading.currentThread().getName()
semaphore.release()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t4 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t3.start()
t4.start()
time.sleep(2)
# 没有获得semaphore的主线程也可以调用release
# 若使用BoundedSemaphore，t4释放semaphore时将抛出异常
print 'MainThread release semaphore without acquire'
semaphore.release() 

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
import time
event = threading.Event()
def func():
# 等待事件，进入等待阻塞状态
print '%s wait for event...' % threading.currentThread().getName()
event.wait()
# 收到事件后进入运行状态
print '%s recv event.' % threading.currentThread().getName()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t1.start()
t2.start()
time.sleep(2)
# 发送事件通知
print 'MainThread set event.'
event.set() 

3.7. Timer

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
def func():
print 'hello timer!'
timer = threading.Timer(5, func)
timer.start() 

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
local = threading.local()
local.tname = 'main'
def func():
local.tname = 'notmain'
print local.tname
t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t1.start()
t1.join()
print local.tname 

# encoding: UTF-8
import threading
alist = None
condition = threading.Condition()
def doSet():
if condition.acquire():
walist is None:
condition.wait()
for i in range(len(alist))[::-1]:
alist[i] = 1
condition.release()
def doPrint():
if condition.acquire():
while alist is None:
condition.wait()
for i in alist:
print i,
print
condition.release()
def doCreate():
global alist
if condition.acquire():
if alist is None:
alist = [0 for i in range(10)]
condition.notifyAll()
condition.release()
tset = threading.Thread(target=doSet,name='tset')
tprint = threading.Thread(target=doPrint,name='tprint')
tcreate = threading.Thread(target=doCreate,name='tcreate')
tset.start()
tprint.start()
tcreate.start() 

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/huxi/archive/2010/06/26/1765808.html