磁盘的分区
主分区与扩展分区最多可以有4个(分区表64字节,每分区占16字节);
扩展分区最多只能有一个;
逻辑分区是由扩展分区持续分出来的分区;
能够被格式化后作为数据访问的分区为主要分区与逻辑分区,扩展分区无法格式化;
逻辑分区的数量以操作系统而不同,在Linux系统中,IDE硬盘最多有59个逻辑分区(5-63),SATA硬盘则有11个逻辑分区(5-15);
各接口的磁盘在Linux中的文件名分别为
/dev/sd[a-p][1-15]:为SCSI,SATA,USB,Flash等接口的磁盘文件名;
/dev/hd[a-d][1-63]:为IDE接口的磁盘文件名;
文件系统分类
Windows :NTFS、FAT32
Linux:ext2、ext3、ext4、xfs、reiserfs、nfs、iso9660、jfs、brtfs
小结:通过以上内容,我们简单了解了磁盘的组成、分区、接口的磁盘命名及文件系统的分类。下面我们来具体看下磁盘分区、格式化及磁盘挂载所使用到的命令。
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# fdisk -l //查看磁盘
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000152be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# fdisk /dev/sda //开始创建磁盘分区
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p //显示分区表
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000152be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n //新建一个分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p //创建主分区
Selected partition 4 //分区号
First cylinder (5380-6527, default 5380): //(开始柱面-可默认)
Using default value 5380
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5380-6527, default 6527): +5G //磁盘大小
Command (m for help): p //显示分区表
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000152be
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 5380 6033 5246248+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 39G 3.3G 34G 9% /
tmpfs 491M 92K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 55M 126M 31% /boot
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# cat /proc/partitions //查看分区表是否加载
major minor #blocks name
8 0 52428800 sda
8 1 204800 sda1
8 2 40960000 sda2
8 3 2048000 sda3
8 4 5246248 sda4 //如果没有加载就执行下面指令重新读取加载
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# partx -a /dev/sda // RHEL6让内核重新读取硬盘分区表:
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda4 //格式化新建磁盘
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
328000 inodes, 1311562 blocks
65578 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1346371584
41 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8000 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# mkdir -p /testdir //创建磁盘挂载目录
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda4 /testdir/ //挂载磁盘
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# df -h //查看磁盘是否识别并挂载
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 39G 3.3G 34G 9% /
tmpfs 491M 92K 491M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 55M 126M 31% /boot
/dev/sda4 4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /testdir
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# ls /testdir/
lost+found
[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#
转载:
http://miclesvic.blog.51cto.com/2152735/1344202
原创文章,作者:jxmsn,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/16100