请详细总结vim编辑器的使用并完成以下练习题
1、复制/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件至/tmp目录,将/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以至少一个空白字符开头的行的行首加#;
[root@centos ~]# cp /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /tmp/ [root@centos ~]# vim /tmp/rc.sysinit :%s@^[[:space:]]\+@#&@g [root@centos ~]# cat /tmp/rc.sysinit | less #!/bin/bash # # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set -m if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then # . /etc/sysconfig/network fi if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then # HOSTNAME=localhost fi if [ ! -e /proc/mounts ]; then # mount -n -t proc /proc /proc # mount -n -t sysfs /sys /sys >/dev/null 2>&1
2、复制/boot/grub/grub.conf至/tmp目录中,删除/tmp/grub.conf文件中的行首的空白字符;
[root@centos ~]# cp /boot/grub/grub.conf /tmp/ :%s@^[[:space:]]\+@@g [root@centos ~]# cat /tmp/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_centos/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img
3、删除/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以#开头,且后面跟了至少一个空白字符的行行的#和空白字符;
:%s@^#[[:space:]]\+@@g [root@centos ~]# less /tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc. # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set -m if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then HOSTNAME=localhost fi if [ ! -e /proc/mounts ]; then mount -n -t proc /proc /proc mount -n -t sysfs /sys /sys >/dev/null 2>&1 fi if [ ! -d /proc/bus/usb ]; then
4、为/tmp/grub.conf文件中前三行的行首加#号;
:1,3s@.*@#&@g
[root@centos ~]# cat /tmp/grub.conf ## grub.conf generated by anaconda ## ## Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0)
5、将/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo文件中所有的enabled=0或gpgcheck=0的最后的0修改为1;
:%s@=[0-1]@=1@g [root@centos ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo | grep "=" # yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command] # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
6、每4小时执行一次对/etc目录的备份,备份至/backup目录中,保存的目录名为形如etc-201504020202
[root@centos ~]# crontab -u root -l 0 */4 * * * /root/backup.sh [root@centos ~]# cat backup.sh #!/bin/bash if [ -e /backup ]; then cp -r /etc /backup/etc-%Y%m%d%H%M else mkdir /backup && cp -r /etc /backup/etc-%Y%m%%d%H%M fi exit 0
7、每周2,4,6备份/var/log/messages文件至/backup/messages_logs/目录中,保存的文件名形如messages-20150402;
[root@centos ~]# chmod +x backup1.sh [root@centos ~]# crontab -u root -e crontab: installing new crontab [root@centos ~]# bash -n backup1.sh [root@centos ~]# bash -x backup1.sh + '[' -e /backup/messages_logs ']' + mkdir -p /backup/messages_logs + cp /var/log/messages /backup/messages_logs/messages-%Y%m%d + exit 0 [root@centos ~]# crontab -u root -l 0 */4 * * * /root/backup.sh 0 0 * * 2,4,6 /root/backup1.sh [root@centos ~]# cat backup1.sh #!/bin/bash if [ -e /backup/messages_logs ]; then cp /var/log/messages /backup/messages_logs/messages-%Y%m%d else mkdir -p /backup/messages_logs && cp /var/log/messages /backup/messages_logs/messages-%Y%m%d fi exit 0
8、每天每两小时取当前系统/proc/meminfo文件中的所有以S开头的信息至/stats/memory.txt文件中;
[root@centos ~]# bash -n meminfo.sh [root@centos ~]# bash -x meminfo.sh + '[-e' /status ']' meminfo.sh: line 2: [-e: command not found + mkdir /status + grep '^S' /proc/meminfo + exit 0 [root@centos ~]# cat meminfo.sh #!/bin/bash if [-e /status ];then grep "^S" /proc/meminfo >>/status/memory.txt else mkdir /status && grep "^S" /proc/meminfo >>/status/memory.txt fi exit 0 [root@centos ~]# crontab -u root -l 0 */4 * * * /root/backup.sh 0 0 * * 2,4,6 /root/backup1.sh 0 */2 * * * /root/meminfo.sh
9、工作日的工作时间内,每两小时执行一次echo "howdy";
[root@centos ~]# crontab -u root -l 0 */4 * * * /root/backup.sh 0 0 * * 2,4,6 /root/backup1.sh 0 */2 * * * /root/meminfo.sh 0 9-18/2 * * 1,2,3,4,5 /root/echo.sh
脚本编程练习
10、创建目录/tmp/testdir-当前日期时间;
[root@centos test]# bash -x exercise1.sh ++ date +%F-%T + mkdir /tmp/testdir-2016-07-23-20:31:14 ++ date +%F-%T + echo '/tmp/testdir-2016-07-23-20:31:14 finished! ' /tmp/testdir-2016-07-23-20:31:14 finished! [root@centos test]# cat excercise1.sh #!/bin/bash mkdir /tmp/testdir-$(date +%F-%T) && echo "/tmp/testdir-$(date +%F-%T) finished! "
11、在此目录创建100个空文件:file1-file100;
[root@centos test]# bash -n exercise2.sh [root@centos test]# bash -x exercise2.sh + for i in '{1..100}' + touch file1 + for i in '{1..100}' + touch file2 + for i in '{1..100}' + touch file3 + for i in '{1..100}' [root@centos test]# cat excersice2.sh #!/bin/bash for i in {1..100};do touch file$i done exit 0
12、显示/etc/passwd文件中位于第偶数行的用户的用户名;
[root@centos test]# bash -x exercise3.sh + cut -d: -f2 + awk '{if($1%2!=0) next ;printf"%s:%s\n", $1, $2}' + cat -n /etc/passwd bin adm sync halt uucp games ftp dbus rpc rtkit avahi-autoipd postfix nfsnobody gdm apache sshd derulo testbash nologin user1 [root@centos test]# cat excercise3.sh #!/bin/bash cat -n /etc/passwd | awk '{if($1%2!=0) next ;printf"%s:%s\n", $1, $2}' | cut -d: -f2
13、创建10用户user10-user19;密码同用户名;
[root@centos test]# bash -n exercise4.sh [root@centos test]# bash -x exercise4.sh + for i in '{10..19}' + useradd user10 + passwd --stdin user10 + echo user9 Changing password for user user10. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. + echo 'user10 added!' user9 added! + for i in '{10..19}' + useradd user11 + passwd --stdin user11 + echo user11 Changing password for user user11. [root@centos test]# cat exercise4.sh #!/bin/bash for i in {10..19}; do useradd user$i && echo "user$i" | passwd --stdin user$i echo "user$i added!" done
14、在/tmp/创建10个空文件file10-file19;
[root@centos test]# bash -n exercise5.sh [root@centos test]# bash -x exercise5.sh + for i in '{10..19}' + touch /tmp/file10 + echo 'file /tmp/file10 added!' file /tmp/file10 added! + for i in '{10..19}' + touch /tmp/file11 + echo 'file /tmp/file11 added!' [root@centos test]# cat exercise5.sh #!/bin/bash for i in {10..19}; do touch /tmp/file$i echo "file /tmp/file$i added!" done
15、把file10的属主和属组改为user10,依次类推。
[root@centos test]# bash -n exercise6.sh [root@centos test]# bash -x exercise6.sh + for i in '{10..19}' + chown user10:user10 /tmp/file10 + echo 'file /tmp/file10 user and group have changed!!' file /tmp/file10 user and group have changed!! + for i in '{10..19}' + chown user11:user11 /tmp/file11 + echo 'file /tmp/file11 user and group have changed!!' file /tmp/file11 user and group have changed!! [root@centos test]# cat exercise6.sh #!/bin/bash for i in {10..19}; do chown user$i:user$i /tmp/file$i echo "file /tmp/file$i user and group have changed!!" done [root@centos test]# ls -lh /tmp/file* -rw-r--r--. 1 user10 user10 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file10 -rw-r--r--. 1 user11 user11 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file11 -rw-r--r--. 1 user12 user12 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file12 -rw-r--r--. 1 user13 user13 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file13 -rw-r--r--. 1 user14 user14 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file14 -rw-r--r--. 1 user15 user15 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file15 -rw-r--r--. 1 user16 user16 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file16 -rw-r--r--. 1 user17 user17 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file17 -rw-r--r--. 1 user18 user18 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file18 -rw-r--r--. 1 user19 user19 0 Jul 24 11:03 /tmp/file19
原创文章,作者:Snoo,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/25503
评论列表(2条)
写的很好,排版也很棒,第8题的脚本是不是错了?加油
@马哥教育:目测少了个空格,bash -n 不严谨啊,,