1、详细描述一次加密通讯的过程,结合图示最佳。
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单向加密:只能加密,不能解密,提取数据指纹(特征码),来保证数据的完整性,如上图的第二步,单向加密的协议有MD5,SHA等
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非对称加密:公钥和私钥成对出现,私钥必须本机器保存,用公钥加密的数据,只能使用与之配对儿的私钥解密;反之亦然,数字签名是私钥加密特征码,如上图的第三步;实现对称秘钥交换,如上图第五步
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对称加密:加密和解密使用同样的秘钥,实现数据加密,产生对称秘钥,如上图的第四步
2、描述创建私有CA的过程,以及为客户端发来的证书请求进行办法证书
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openssl的配置文件:/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf,创建所需要的文件;
[root@centos CA]# ls certs crl newcerts private [root@centos CA]# touch index.txt serial [root@centos CA]# echo "01" >serial [root@centos CA]# cat serial 01 [root@centos CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 1024) Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus 私钥cakey.pem .++++++ ....++++++
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CA自签证书;
[root@centos CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -days 3650 -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem cacert.pem 是CA证书,内含CA公钥
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发证;
[root@localhost tmp]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out /tmp/test.key 1024) Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus .++++++ ............++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@localhost tmp]# openssl req -new -key /tmp/test.key -days 365 -out /tmp/test.csr 证书请求 [root@localhost tmp]# scp /tmp/test.csr root@192.168.40.128:/tmp/ root@192.168.40.128's password: test.csr 100% 684 0.7KB/s 00:00 [root@centos private]# openssl ca -in /tmp/test.csr -out /tmp/test.crt -days 365 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: [root@centos CA]# cat index.txt serial V170604033819Z01unknown/C=CN/ST=BJ/O=BJorg/OU=BJorg/CN=centos.localhost/emailAddress=admin@bat.com 02
3、描述DNS查询过程以及DNS服务器类别
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DNS:域名解析系统,使用tcp/53进行区域传输,udp/53进行查询操作;根域名全球13台服务器,顶级域名(国家级cn uk… ,通用级org com net…,反向域),二级域名,三级域名
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DNS查询方法:递归查询(要求DNS直接给出域名对应的IP),迭代查询(通常是发生在DNS服务器间,当请求的域名不再自己所负责的解析范围内,便开始从根迭代直到查询到相应解析为止)
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DNS查询过程:Client –> hosts文件 –> DNS Service–>Local Cache –> DNS Server (recursion) –> Server Cache –> iteration(迭代) –>其他DNS服务器
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DNS服务器类别:主DNS(维护所负责解析的域内解析库服务器,解析库由管理维护),从DNS(从主DNS服务器或其它的从DNS服务器那里区域传输一份解析库),缓存DNS服务器(为客户端缓存客户端曾经查询的记录,找不到时,DNS服务器去迭代查询),转发器(当请求的DNS记录不在自己所负责的解析区域时,交给转发器处理,转发器去迭代查询)
4、搭建一套DNS服务器,负责解析magedu.com域名(自行设定主机名及IP)
(1)、能够对一些主机名进行正向解析和逆向解析;
[root@centos named]# host -t NS magedu.com 192.168.40.128 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: magedu.com name server centos.magedu.com. [root@centos named]# host -t A www.magedu.com 192.168.40.128 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: www.magedu.com has address 192.168.50.128 [root@centos named]# host -t MX mail.magedu.com 192.168.40.128 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: mail.magedu.com mail is handled by 10 192.168.40.128.magedu.com. [root@centos named]# host -t CNAME test.magedu.com 192.168.40.128 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: test.magedu.com is an alias for www.magedu.com. [root@centos named]# host -t PTR 192.168.50.128 192.168.40.128 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: 128.50.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer test.magedu.com. [root@centos named]# cat /etc/named.conf options { listen-on port 53 { 192.168.40.128; }; directory "/var/named"; dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db"; statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt"; memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt"; recursion yes; /* Path to ISC DLV key */ bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key"; managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic"; }; logging { channel default_debug { file "data/named.run"; severity dynamic; }; }; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; zone "magedu.com" IN { type master; file "magedu.com.file"; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key"; [root@centos named]# cat /var/named/magedu.com.file $TTL 1D $ORIGIN magedu.com. @IN SOA centos.magedu.com. admin.magedu.com. ( 20168102053; serial 1D; refresh 1H; retry 1W; expire 3H ); minimum IN NS centos mail IN MX 10 192.168.40.128 centosIN A192.168.40.128 mail IN A 192.168.40.128 www IN A 192.168.50.128 test1 IN A 192.168.60.128 test IN CNAME www [root@centos named]# cat /var/named/50.168.192.arpa.file $TTL 1D @IN SOA centos.magedu.com admin.magedu.com. ( 201608102205; serial 1D; refresh 1H; retry 1W; expire 3H ); minimum IN NScentos.magedu.com. 128 IN PTR test.magedu.com.
(2)、对子域cdn.magedu.com进行子域授权,子域负责解析对应子域中的主机名;
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主域需要在(1)的基础上添加子域的NS记录并注释掉主域的 /etc/named.conf 的
//include "/etc/named.root.key"; IN NS centos cdn.magedu.com. IN NS centos.cdn.magedu.com. 子域名称服务器 centos.cdn.magedu.com. IN A 192.168.40.130 子域名称服务器主机记录 mail IN MX 10 192.168.40.128 centos IN A 192.168.40.128 mail IN A 192.168.40.128 www IN A 192.168.50.128 test1 IN A 192.168.60.128 test IN CNAME www
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子域注释掉主配置文件的include "/etc/named.root.key";,添加 转发主域区域,正常配置自己的区域解析数据库文件即可
zone "magedu.com" IN { type forward; forwarders{192.168.40.128;}; };
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测试
[root@centos ~]# host -t A www.magedu.com 192.168.40.130 使用子域DNS解析父域域名 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.130 Address: 192.168.40.130#53 Aliases: www.magedu.com has address 192.168.50.128 [root@centos ~]# host -t A www.cdn.magedu.com 192.168.40.130 使用子域解析自己区域的主机记录 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.130 Address: 192.168.40.130#53 Aliases: www.cdn.magedu.com has address 119.20.20.20 [root@centos ~]# host -t A www.cdn.magedu.com 192.168.40.128 使用父域DNS解析子域域名 Using domain server: Name: 192.168.40.128 Address: 192.168.40.128#53 Aliases: www.cdn.magedu.com has address 119.20.20.20
(3)、为了保证DNS服务系统的高可用性,请设计一套方案,并写出详细的实施过程
为了实现DNS服务系统的高可用性建议搭建一主多从,一主一从,下面是一主一从实施过程:
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假设192.168.30.128为主DNS为magedu.com提供域名解析服务,构建主DNS服务器
zone "magedu.com" IN { type master; file "magedu.com.file"; }; [root@centos ~]# cat /var/named/magedu.com.file $TTL 1D $ORIGIN magedu.com. @IN SOA centos.magedu.com. admin.magedu.com. ( 20168102053; serial 1D; refresh 1H; retry 1W; expire 3H ); minimum IN NS centos cdn.magedu.com. IN NS centos.cdn.magedu.com. centos.cdn.magedu.com. IN A 192.168.40.130 mail IN MX 10 192.168.40.128 centosIN A192.168.40.128 mail IN A 192.168.40.128 www IN A 192.168.50.128 test1 IN A 192.168.60.128 test IN CNAME www
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假设192.168.30.130为主DNS为magedu.com提供域名解析服务,构建从DNS服务器
zone "magedu.com" IN { type slave; masters {192.168.40.128;}; file "slaves/slave.magedu.com.file"; 自动在主DNS服务器下载解析库文件 }; [root@centos slaves]# ls slave.magedu.com.file [root@centos slaves]# cat slave.magedu.com.file $ORIGIN . $TTL 86400; 1 day magedu.comIN SOAcentos.magedu.com. admin.magedu.com. ( 2988232869 ; serial 86400 ; refresh (1 day) 3600 ; retry (1 hour) 604800 ; expire (1 week) 10800 ; minimum (3 hours) ) NScentos.magedu.com. $ORIGIN magedu.com. cdnNScentos.cdn $ORIGIN cdn.magedu.com. centosA192.168.40.130 $ORIGIN magedu.com. centosA192.168.40.128 mailA192.168.40.128 MX10 192.168.40.128 testCNAMEwww test1A192.168.60.128 wwwA192.168.50.128
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测试使用192.168.40.130
[root@centos slaves]# vim /etc/resolv.conf [root@centos slaves]# cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 192.168.40.128 主DNS nameserver 192.168.40.130 从DNS [root@centos slaves]# host -t A www.magedu.com www.magedu.com has address 192.168.50.128 [root@centos ~]# service named stop Stopping named: [ OK ] 关闭主DNS服务 [root@centos slaves]# host -t A www.magedu.com www.magedu.com has address 192.168.50.128 [root@centos slaves]# host -t A www.magedu.com www.magedu.com has address 192.168.50.128
原创文章,作者:Snoo,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/31955
评论列表(1条)
写的很好,排版也很棒,加油