1、创建一个10G分区，并格式为ext4文件系统；
(1) 要求其block大小为2048, 预留空间百分比为2, 卷标为MYDATA, 默认挂载属性包含acl；
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (787-2610, default 787):
Using default value 787
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (787-2610, default 2610): +10G
Command (m for help): w
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb3 -l 'MYDATA' -b 2048 -m 2
[root@localhost ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb3
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
[root@localhost ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb3
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name: MYDATA
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: 34e3ab57-e858-4a16-96aa-596b10e550cc
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 657408
Block count: 5245222
Reserved block count: 104904
Free blocks: 5123398
Free inodes: 657397
First block: 0
Block size: 2048
Fragment size: 2048
Reserved GDT blocks: 512
Blocks per group: 16384
Fragments per group: 16384
Inodes per group: 2048
Inode blocks per group: 256
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Tue Sep 6 01:52:06 2016
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Tue Sep 6 02:18:14 2016
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: 38
Last checked: Tue Sep 6 01:52:06 2016
Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
Next check after: Sun Mar 5 00:52:06 2017
Lifetime writes: 226 MB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: 0ec2f874-96b9-4d4f-99f9-210c998de1b2
Journal backup: inode blocks
(2) 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳；
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mydata [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb [root@localhost ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /data/mydata
2、创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之；
第一步：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (2093-2610, default 2093):
Using default value 2093
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2093-2610, default 2610): +1G
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
第二步：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 4 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb4
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB
no label, UUID=8676884c-2a29-4cf5-a6f9-465f333f1ba3
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001bbdc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 2354 18598912 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2354 2358 33499 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 2359 2610 2024190 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x4a01ccd9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 393 3156741 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 394 786 3156772+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 787 2092 10490445 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 2093 2224 1060290 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@localhost ~]#
3、写一个脚本
(1)、获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备；
(2)、显示每个磁盘设备上的每个分区相关的空间使用信息
#!/bin/bash for i in $(fdisk -l | grep "^/dev/sd.*" | cut -d " " -f1) do echo $i df $i done ~
4、总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同；
RAID-0: （把数据切成块，把不同的块分别存放到不同磁盘里面）提高了读写能力，即提升I/O性能，空间增加，无容错能力，最少需要两块磁盘：2,2+ RAID-1： (把完整的数据分别存放到不同的磁盘里面。)提升了读的性能，写的性能没有提升略有下降，可用空间：1*min(s1,s2,s3),有冗余能力，最少磁盘数两个 RAID-4： 专门用一块盘作为校验码，校验码盘的压力会非常大，能容易造成性能瓶颈 ，能允许坏一块盘的情况下奖级允许 。至少三块硬盘， RAID-5： 轮流做校验码的机制 。读写性能提升，可用空间:(n-1)*min(s1,s2....),有容错能力，最多一块磁盘，最少磁盘上三块及以上。 RAID-6： 用两块盘存放校验码 。最少需要四块磁盘，可用空间n-2*min(s1,s2..),有容错能力最多允许坏两块磁盘。 混合类型的RAID: RAID-10： 读写性能有提升，可能空间n*min(s1,s2..) ,每组镜像最多只能坏一个块，最少磁盘数为4，
5、创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128k;
第一步创建三个5G分区：
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
2
Invalid partition number for type `2'
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 2 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w
第二步创建RIAD1：
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -c 128 -n 2 -x 1 -l 1 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Sep 25 06:49:27 2016
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 5249088 (5.01 GiB 5.38 GB)
Used Dev Size : 5249088 (5.01 GiB 5.38 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun Sep 25 06:49:55 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 57c0cb9f:52fcaa66:5165156a:1feb61a7
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
2 8 19 - spare /dev/sdb3
6、创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能；
第一步创建三个2G大小的分区：
[root@localhost /]#fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x69e93d89
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 262 2104483+ fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2 263 524 2104515 fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb3 525 786 2104515 fd Linux raid autodetect
第二步创建RAID5：
[root@localhost /]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -n 3 -l 5 -c 256 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
[root@localhost /]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sun Sep 25 07:45:47 2016
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 4204544 (4.01 GiB 4.31 GB)
Used Dev Size : 2102272 (2.00 GiB 2.15 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sun Sep 25 07:47:52 2016
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 256K
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : dff82c2c:98dab1ce:c740d7c2:eada91f4
Events : 26
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
3 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
7、写一个脚本
(1) 接受一个以上文件路径作为参数；
(2) 显示每个文件拥有的行数；
(3) 总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数；
#!/bin/bash while : do read -p "input file path(end input q):" fileline if [ -d $fileline ];then echo "not file is dirctory,plice input file" elif [ -e $fileline ];then echo $(wc -l $fileline) let a+=1 elif [ $fileline == "q" ];then echo $a break else echo "file not exit" fi done ~
8、写一个脚本
(1) 传递两个以上字符串当作用户名；
(2) 创建这些用户；且密码同用户名；
(3) 总结说明共创建了几个用户；
#!/bin/bash i=q while : do read -p "plise input name(end input q):" nusname sname=$( echo $nusname | cut -d " " -f1) if [ "$sname" == "$i" ];then break echo "total user:$a" elif [ -z "$sname" ];then echo "username not empty!" continue else if [ $(grep "^$sname" /etc/passwd | wc -l) -ge 1 ] ;then echo "user name exit!" continue else useradd $sname echo $sname | passwd --stdin $sname let a+=1 fi fi done
9、写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-visitor20；计算他们的ID之和；
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..20};do
id visitor$i >& /dev/null
if [ echo $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "user exit"
else
useradd visitor$i >> /dev/null
echo "visitor$i" | passwd --stdin visitor$i >> /dev/null
idvalue=$(grep "^visitor$i" /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f3)
idvalue1=$[ idvalue1 + idvalue ]
fi
done
echo $idvalue1
10、写一脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数；
#!/bin/bash
i=$(grep "^#" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit | wc -l)
b=$(grep "^[:space:]\{1,\}" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit| wc -l)
echo "/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit #:$i spce:$b"
c=$(grep "^#" /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions | wc -l)
d=$(grep "^[:space:]\{1,\}" /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions| wc -l)
echo "/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions #:$c space:$d"
e=$(grep "^#" /etc/fstab | wc -l)
f=$(grep "^[:space:]\{1,\}" /etc/fstab| wc -l)
echo "/etc/fstab #:$e space:$f"
11、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名、UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和；
#!/bin/bash for i in $(grep "bash$" /etc/passwd);do svalue=$(echo $i | cut -d ":" -f4) svalue1=$[ $svalue1 + $svalue ] done echo $(grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f1,4) echo "total:$svalue1" ~ ~
12、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名；并说明共有多少个此类用户；
#!/bin/bash for i in $(cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ":" -f1) do groups $i >> tets.txt done grep -v "^.*[[:space:]]:[[:space:]][[:alnum:]]*[[:punct:]]*[[:alnum:]]*$" tets.txt >> test3.txt echo "total:$(wc -l test3.txt)" echo "$(cat test3.txt)" rm tets.txt rm test3.txt ~
13、创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G的卷组；要求，PE大小为8M；而在卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1，格式化为ext4文件系统，开机自动挂载至/users目录，支持acl；
第一步创建连个10G分区：
[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G
第二步创建pv：
[root@localhost /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
WARNING: software RAID md superblock detected on /dev/sdb1. Wipe it? [y/n] y
Wiping software RAID md superblock on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
第三步创建vg:
root@localhost /]# vgcreate vgtest -s 8M /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "vgtest" successfully created
[root@localhost /]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vgtest
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 19.00 GiB
PE Size 8.00 MiB
Total PE 2432
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2432 / 19.00 GiB
VG UUID 4i4y5I-3iFc-T9sf-yWzj-ooCX-6Awh-hev0Uh
第四步创建lv:
[root@localhost /]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 vgtest
Logical volume "mylv1" created
[root@localhost /]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vgtest/mylv1
LV Name mylv1
VG Name vgtest
LV UUID XgtGsv-VUBT-CZz3-blhk-NMUX-24Z3-wQFhED
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2016-09-25 08:27:28 -0700
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 640
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
第五步格式化：
[root@localhost /]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/vgtest/mylv1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
第六步自动挂载：
/dev/vgtest/mylv1 /users ext4 default,noatime,cal 0 0
14、新建用户magedu；其家目录为/users/magedu，而后su切换至此用户，复制多个文件至家目录；
[root@localhost /]# mkdir users
[root@localhost /]# useradd -md /users/magedu mage
[mage@localhost ~]$ cp /proc/net/{anycast6,arp,connector,dev} /users/magedu
15、扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用；
[root@localhost /]# lvextend -L 9G /dev/vgtest/mylv1 Extending logical volume mylv1 to 9.00 GiB Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized [root@localhost /]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vgtest/mylv1 LV Name mylv1 VG Name vgtest LV UUID XgtGsv-VUBT-CZz3-blhk-NMUX-24Z3-wQFhED LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2016-09-25 08:27:28 -0700 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 9.00 GiB Current LE 1152 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0
16、缩减mylv1至7G，确保缩减完成后原有数据完全可用；
[root@localhost /]# resize2fs /dev/vgtest/mylv1 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vgtest/mylv1 to 2621440 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vgtest/mylv1 is now 2621440 blocks long. [root@localhost /]# lvre lvreduce lvremove lvrename lvresize [root@localhost /]# lvre lvreduce lvremove lvrename lvresize [root@localhost /]# lvreduce -L 7G /dev/vgtest/mylv1 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 7.00 GiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: Y Reducing logical volume mylv1 to 7.00 GiB Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized
17、对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据；要求保留原有的属主属组等信息；
[root@localhost /]# lvcreate -L 7G -p r -s -n snaphot_lv_mylv1 /dev/vgtest/mylv1 Logical volume "snaphot_lv_mylv1" created 复制： [root@localhost vgtest]# cp -a /dev/vgtest/snaphot_lv_mylv1 /tmp/
原创文章，作者：liliangming，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/41749
评论列表（1条）
博客写得非常的好，32个赞，给出了详细操作步骤，脚本思路清晰，加油！