1、显示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一个空白字符开头的行;
[root@centos6 ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub/grub.conf root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img
2、显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#开头,后面跟至少一个空白字符,而后又有至少一个非空白字符的行;
[root@centos6 ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc. # Check SELinux status # Print a text banner. # Only read this once. # Initialize hardware # Set default affinity # Load other user-defined modules ...
3、打出netstat -tan命令执行结果中以‘LISTEN’,后或跟空白字符结尾的行;
[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -tan|grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$" tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
4、添加用户bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一个用户的shell为/sbin/nologin),而后找出当前系统上其用户名和默认shell相同的用户的信息;
[root@centos6 ~]# useradd bash [root@centos6 ~]# useradd testbash [root@centos6 ~]# useradd basher [root@centos6 ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin [root@centos6 ~]# grep "^\([[:alpha:]]\+\>\):.*/\1$" /etc/passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt bash:x:501:501::/home/bash:/bin/bash nologin:x:504:504::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin
5、显示当前系统上root、fedora或user1用户的默认shell;
[root@centos7 ~]# grep -E "^\<(root|fedora|user1)\>" /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f1,7 root:/bin/bash fedora:/bin/bash user1:/bin/bash
6、找出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions文件中某单词后面跟一组小括号的行,形如:hello();
[root@centos7 ~]# grep "[[:alpha:]]\+()" /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions checkpid() { __pids_var_run() { __pids_pidof() { daemon() { killproc() { pidfileofproc() { pidofproc() { status() { echo_success() { ...
7、使用echo命令输出一个绝对路径,使用grep取出其基名;
[root@centos7 ~]# basename $(echo "/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions") functions
扩展:取出其路径名
[root@centos7 ~]# dirname $(echo "/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions") /etc/rc.d/init.d
8、找出ifconfig命令结果中的1-255之间数字;
[root@centos7 ~]# ifconfig |grep -Eo "\<[2-9]\>|\<[1-9][0-9]\>|\<1[0-9][0-9]\>|\<2[0-5][0-4]\>" 192 168 11 192 168 64 29 27 48 6 4 4 73 127 128
9、挑战题:写一个模式,能匹配合理的IP地址;
[root@centos7 ~]# ifconfig|grep -Eo "\<([1-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-5][0-5])\.\ > ([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-5][0-5])\.\ > ([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-5][0-5])\.\ > ([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|2[0-5][0-5])\>" 192.168.0.11 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255 127.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
10、挑战题:写一个模式,能匹配出所有的邮件地址;
[root@centos7 ~]# grep "[[:alnum:]]\+@[[:alnum:]]\+" email.txt magedu@163.com magedu@qq.com
11、查找/var目录下属主为root,且属组为mail的所有文件或目录;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /var/ -user root -group mail /var/spool/mail /var/spool/mail/root /var/spool/mqueue
12、查找当前系统上没有属主或属组的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find / -type f -nouser -nogroup find: ‘/proc/7703/task/7703/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory find: ‘/proc/7703/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory /home/archlinux/.bash_logout /home/archlinux/.bash_profile ...
进一步:查找当前系统上没有属主或属组,且最近3天内曾被访问过的文件或目录;
[root@centos7 ~]# find / -type f -nouser -nogroup -mtime -3 find: ‘/proc/7720/task/7720/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory find: ‘/proc/7720/fdinfo/6’: No such file or directory
13、查找/etc目录下所有用户都有写权限的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /etc/ -perm -222 -ls ... 67109020 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Dec 26 17:43 /etc/redhat-release -> centos-release 67109021 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 14 Dec 26 17:43 /etc/system-release -> centos-release 67700445 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Dec 26 17:47 /etc/grub2.cfg -> ../boot/grub2/grub.cfg ...
14、查找/etc目录下大于1M,且类型为普通文件的所有文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /etc/ -type f -size +1M /etc/udev/hwdb.bin /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.29
15、查找/etc/init.d/目录下,所有用户都有执行权限,且其它用户有写权限的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /etc/init.d/ -perm -113
16、查找/usr目录下不属于root、bin或hadoop的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /usr/ ! \( -user root -o -user bin -o -user hadoop \) /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d
17、查找/etc/目录下至少有一类用户没有写权限的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /etc/ ! -perm -222 ... /etc/mailman/templates/zh_CN/postack.txt /etc/mailman/templates/zh_CN/postauth.txt /etc/mailman/templates/zh_CN/postheld.txt /etc/mailman/templates/zh_CN/private.html ...
18、查找/etc目录下最近一周内其内容被修改过,且不属于root或hadoop的文件;
[root@centos7 ~]# find /etc/ -ctime -7 ! \( -user root -o -user hadoop \)
原创文章,作者:N26-西安-方老喵,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/66702