1、请描述一次完整的http请求处理过程;
(1) 建立或处理连接:接收请求或拒绝请求; (2) 接收请求:接收来自于网络上的主机请求报文中对某特定资源的一次请求的过程; (3) 处理请求:对请求报文进行解析,获取客户端请求的资源及请求方法等相关信息; (4) 访问资源:获取请求报文中请求的资源; (5) 构建响应报文: (6) 发送响应报文: (7) 记录日志:
2、httpd所支持的处理模型有哪些,他们的分别使用于哪些环境。
prefork模型:多进程模型,每个进程响应一个请求;一个主进程:负责生成n个子进程,子进程也称为工作进程,每个子进程处理一个用户请求;即便没有用户请求,也会预先生成多个空闲进程,随时等待请求到达;子进程数最大不会超过1024个。 worker模型:多线程模型,每个线程响应一个请求;一个主进程:生成多个子进程,每个子进程负责生成多个线程,每个线程响应一个请求。m进程,n线程:最大的并发响应数是m*n。 event模型:事件驱动模型,每个线程响应n个请求;一个主进程:生成m个子进程,每个进程直接响应n个请求;最大并发响应数是m*n。
3、源码编译安装LAMP环境(基于wordpress程序),并写出详细的安装、配置、测试过程。
安装开发环境 [root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Server Platform Development" -y 编译安装Apache (1)编译安装apr [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.5.2/ [root@localhost apr-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr root@localhost ~]# make && make install (2)编译安装apr-util [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2 [root@localhost ~]# cd apr-util-1.5.4/ [root@localhost apr-util-1.5.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr [root@localhost apr-util-1.5.4]# make && make install (3)httpd-2.4.16依赖于pcre-devel软件包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl-devel 编译安装httpd-2.4.25 [root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.25.tar.bz2 [root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.25/ [root@localhost httpd-2.4.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork [root@localhost ~]# make -j 4 && make install [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 添加 export PATH=/usr/local/apache24/bin:$PATH [root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 配置服务脚本 [root@localhost ~]cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ [root@localhost init.d]cp httpd httpd24 vim httpd24 apachectl=/usr/local/apache24/bin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd} pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache24/logs/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24} chkconfig --add httpd24 chkconfig --level 2345 httpd24 on [root@localhost ~]# service httpd24 start 编译安装MySQL #添加mysql用户 [root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql #安装mysql依赖的软件包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install cmake ncurses-devel #编译安装mysql [root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-5.6.26/ [root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# cmake --DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql --DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock --DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 --DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci --DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all --DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 --DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 --DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 --DWITH_READLINE=1 --DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 --DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data --DMYSQL-USER=mysql [root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# make -j 4 && make install [root@localhost mysql-5.6.26]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's#^basedir=#basedir=/usr/local/mysql#' /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's#^datadir=#datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data#' /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^\[mysqld\]/adatadir = /usr/local/mysql/data' /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^\[mysqld\]/abasedir = /usr/local/mysql' /etc/my.cnf [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql [root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /bin/ [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start 安装PHP #安装PHP依赖的软件包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2-devel #编译安装PHP [root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-5.6.13.tar.bz2 [root@localhost ~]# cd php-5.6.13/ [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# make && make install [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/index.html/index.html index.php/' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '377a AddType application/x-httpd-php .php' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '378a AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart wordpress程序的安装 [root@localhost ~]# wordpress-4.7.5.zip [root@localhost ~]# unzip wordpress-4.7.5.zip [root@localhost ~]# cp -f wordpress/ /web/vhosts/ [root@localhost htdocs]# cd /web/vhosts/wordpress [root@localhost wordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php 创建数据库 [root@localhost ~]# mysql mysql> CREATE DATABASE wpdb; mysql> GRANT ALL ON wpdb.* TO wpuser@'192.168.12.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wppass'; mysql> \q [root@localhost wordpress]# vim wp-config.php define('DB_NAME', 'wpdb'); define('DB_USER', 'wpuser'); define('DB_PASSWORD', 'wppass'); [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/http24/httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.wp.com DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/wordpress" Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/wp.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/wp.access" common <Directory "/web/vhosts/wordpress"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> [root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts 192.168.12.136 www.wp.com 在浏览器中输入 www.wp.com 设置注册用户的用户名和密码,完成安装wordPress
4、建立httpd服务器(基于编译的方式进行),要求:
提供两个基于名称的虚拟主机:
(a)www1.stuX.com,页面文件目录为/web/vhosts/www1;错误日志为/var/log/httpd/www1.err,访问日志为/var/log/httpd/www1.access;
(b)www2.stuX.com,页面文件目录为/web/vhosts/www2;错误日志为/var/log/httpd/www2.err,访问日志为/var/log/httpd/www2.access;
(c)为两个虚拟主机建立各自的主页文件index.html,内容分别为其对应的主机名;
(d)通过www1.stuX.com/server-status输出httpd工作状态相关信息,且只允许提供帐号密码才能访问(status:status);
编译安装httpd (1) apr-1.4+ tar -xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2 cd apr-1.5.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr make && make install (2) apr-util-1.4+ tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2 cd apr-util-1.5.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr make && make install (3) httpd-2.4 tar xf httpd-2.4.25.tar.bz2 cd httpd-2.4.25 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork make && make install 配置服务脚本 cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ cp httpd httpd24 vim httpd24 apachectl=/usr/local/apache24/bin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd} pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache24/logs/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24} chkconfig --add httpd24 chkconfig --level 2345 httpd24 on 配置虚拟主机 mkdir -f /web/vhosts/{www1,www2} vim /web/vhosts/www1/index.html <h1>www1.stux.com</h1> vim /web/vhosts/www2/index.html <h1>www2.stux.com</h1> vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www1.stux.com DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www1" Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/www1.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www1.access" common <Directory "/web/vhosts/www1"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www2.stux.com DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2" Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/www2.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www2.access" common <Directory "/web/vhosts/www2"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> 修改host vim /etc/hosts 192.168.12.136 www1.stux.com 192.168.12.136 www2.stux.com 配置安全域 htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd24/.htpasswd status password:status vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf <Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Order allow,deny Allow from www1.stux.com AuthType Basic AuthName "Need Authentication!" AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd24/.htpasswd" require user status </Location>
5、为第4题中的第2个虚拟主机提供https服务,使得用户可以通过https安全的访问此web站点;
(1)要求使用证书认证,证书中要求使用的国家(CN)、州(HA)、城市(ZZ)和组织(MageEdu);
(2)设置部门为Ops,主机名为www2.stuX.com,邮件为admin@stuX.com;
CA服务器(192.168.12.130) cd /etc/pki/CA/ (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048) openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 证书信息输入 touch serial index.txt echo 01 > serial httpd服务器(192.168.12.136) cd /etc/httpd24 mkdir ssl cd /etc/pki/CA/ (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 1024) openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr 证书信息输入 scp httpd.csr root@192.168.12.130:/tmp/ CA服务器签署证书 openssl ca -in /tmp/http.csr -out certs/httpd.crt scp /certs/httpd.crt root@192.168.12.136:/etc/httpd24/ssl/ httpd服务器配置 vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf Listen 443 LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName www2.stux.com SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd24/ssl/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/CA/private/httpd.key DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2" Errorlog "/var/log/httpd/www2.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www2.access" common <Directory "/web/vhosts/www2"> Options None AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> Include /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf vim /etc/httpd24/extra/httpd-ssl.conf DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/www2" ServerName www2.stux.com:443 ServerAdmin admin@stux.com SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd24/ssl/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/CA/private/httpd.key httpd -t service httpd24 restart
6、在LAMP架构中,请分别以php编译成httpd模块形式和php以fpm工作为独立守护进程的方式来支持httpd,列出详细的过程。
httpd模块形式编译安装PHP [root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-5.6.13.tar.bz2 [root@localhost ~]# cd php-5.6.13/ #以httpd模块方式运行,所以需要在编译时指定apache的apxs2的目录路径 --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr/lib64 --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libcrympt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# make -j 4 && make install [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini && cd #编辑apache配置文件 [root@localhost ~]#sed -i 's/index.html/index.html index.php/' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#sed -i '377a AddType application/x-httpd-php .php' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#sed -i '378a AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#service httpd restart [root@localhost ~]#echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' >/usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php 访问http://192.168.12.130/index.php进行测试 以fpm模式运行 [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '1a/usr/local/libmcrypt/lib' /etc/ld.so.conf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '2a/usr/local/mysql/lib' /etc/ld.so.conf [root@localhost ~]# yum install php-pear -y [root@localhost ~]# ldconfig [root@localhost ~]# echo 'ldconfig' >> /etc/rc.local [root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-5.6.13.tar.bz2 [root@localhost ~]# cd php-5.6.13/ #以fpm模式运行,使能fpm选项,--enable-fpm, --with-apxs2一项就不需要启用了 [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# make -j 4 && make install [[root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini && cd [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# chkconfig php-fpm on [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done [root@localhost php-5.6.13]# netstat -antup | grep php-fpm tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9769/php-fpm: maste #编辑apache配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^#LoadModule proxy_fcgi/LoadModule proxy_fcgi/' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^#LoadModule proxy_module/LoadModule proxy_module/' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#sed -i 's/index.html/index.html index.php/' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#sed -i '377a AddType application/x-httpd-php .php' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#sed -i '378a AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' /etc/httpd/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]#service httpd restart [root@localhost ~]#echo '<?php phpinfo(); ?>' >/usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php 访问http://192.168.12.130/index.php进行测试
原创文章,作者:浙江-咲,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/76797
评论列表(1条)
实验过程很详细,如果有关于压测相关的性能数据就好了,比如perfork,worker模式这些对比数据,然后再结合工作机制去调整验证,掌握的会更加扎实。