一、设计原因
利用ansible可以自动化部署KeepAlived 的双方模型(其中包括两个动态的站点)，多组服务器需要一样的部署时
可以利用ansible写的程序来代替重复性的操作。
二、设计拓扑结构及服务器详情
三、详细步骤
1、环境的搭建
(1)安装ansible，同时配置私钥免密码进行通信
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa #-t表示使用的加密类型，其中rsa1表示version1版本，rsa、dsa、ecdsa的加密对于的是version2版本 Generating public/private rsa key pair. #这里询问你要把生成的密钥文件保存在哪里，默认是在家目录下的.ssh文件夹中，回车保存默认目录 Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/root/.ssh'. #这里是对密钥文件加密，不输入则表示不加密 Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 04:9f:cb:9c:9d:1e:47:d7:e1:d4:c1:87:71:c3:a4:22 root@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | . =O+| | o . ===| | +E .....o| | + +.o.. | | S + . | | . o | | . | | | | | +-----------------+ –
(2)查看已经成功生成了一对密钥
[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/.ssh id_rsa id_rsa.pub#其中id_rsa为私钥，id_rsa.pub为公钥 –
(3)在生成完密钥对之后将公钥上传给服务器对应用户的家目录
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.252.215 [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.252.235 [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 10.1.253.107 [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.249.75 [root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.1.249.75
(4)编辑ansible的hosts文件，定义后所有的主机
[19:05 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat hosts # This is the default ansible 'hosts' file. # # It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts # # - Comments begin with the '#' character # - Blank lines are ignored # - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements # - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses # - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups # Ex 1: Ungrouped hosts, specify before any group headers. [web] 10.1.252.215 10.1.252.235 [nginx] 10.1.253.107 state=MASTER priority=100 10.1.249.75 state=BACKUP priority=90 [mysql] 10.1.252.36
OK，环境已经搭配好，所有主机同步下时间：
[19:34 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible all -a 'ntpdate 10.1.0.1' 10.1.252.215 | success | rc=0 >> 3 Nov 19:34:30 ntpdate[38293]: adjust time server 10.1.0.1 offset -0.003936 sec 10.1.252.36 | success | rc=0 >> 3 Nov 19:34:30 ntpdate[3291]: adjust time server 10.1.0.1 offset 0.200434 sec 10.1.252.235 | success | rc=0 >> 3 Nov 19:34:36 ntpdate[38723]: adjust time server 10.1.0.1 offset -0.001469 sec 10.1.253.107 | success | rc=0 >> 3 Nov 19:34:37 ntpdate[7161]: adjust time server 10.1.0.1 offset -0.001905 sec 10.1.249.75 | success | rc=0 >> 3 Nov 19:34:37 ntpdate[4951]: adjust time server 10.1.0.1 offset 0.018952 sec
2、下面来进行ansible的roles和playbook的定义：
在/etc/ansible/roles目录下创建相关的角色目录：
[19:56 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible/roles]# mkdir -pv {mysql,web,nginx}/{files,tasks,templates,variables,handlers,meta,defult}
mkdir: created directory `mysql'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/files'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/tasks'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/templates'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/variables'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/handlers'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/meta'
mkdir: created directory `mysql/default'
mkdir: created directory `web'
mkdir: created directory `web/files'
mkdir: created directory `web/tasks'
mkdir: created directory `web/templates'
mkdir: created directory `web/variables'
mkdir: created directory `web/handlers'
mkdir: created directory `web/meta'
mkdir: created directory `web/default'
mkdir: created directory `nginx'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/files'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/tasks'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/templates'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/variables'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/handlers'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/meta'
mkdir: created directory `nginx/default'
[19:58 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible/roles]# tree
.
├── mysql
│ ├── default
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ ├── templates
│ └── variables
├── nginx
│ ├── default
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ ├── meta
│ ├── tasks
│ ├── templates
│ └── variables
└── web
├── default
├── files
├── handlers
├── meta
├── tasks
├── templates
└── variables
24 directories, 0 files
-
说明：
files/：存储由copy或script等模块调用的文件；
tasks/：此目录中至少应该有一个名为main.yml的文件，用于定义各task；其它的文件需要由main.yml进行“包含”调用；
handlers/：此目录中至少应该有一个名为main.yml的文件，用于定义各handler；其它的文件需要由main.yml进行“包含”调用；
vars/：此目录中至少应该有一个名为main.yml的文件，用于定义各variable；其它的文件需要由main.yml进行“包含”调用；
templates/：存储由template模块调用的模板文本；
meta/：此目录中至少应该有一个名为main.yml的文件，定义当前角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系；其它的文件需要由main.yml进行“包含”调用；
default/：此目录中至少应该有一个名为main.yml的文件，用于设定默认变量；
下面就是添加playbook了，首先设置web：
3、设置web的playbook
(1)Tasks：任务
[17:27 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/web/tasks/main.yml
- name: install web pakgs
yum: name={{ item }}
with_items:
- httpd
- php
- php-mysql
- name: config the web
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: reload the service
- name: install wordpress
copy: src=wordpress dest=/var/www/html/wordpress/
- name: restart the service
service: name=httpd state=started
(2)添加触发器:handlers
(2)添加触发器:handlers
[20:26 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/web/handlers/main.yml - name: relaod the service service: name=httpd state=restarted
(3)添加需要的file：
[18:45 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ll roles/web/files/
total 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 34419 Nov 2 20:23 httpd.conf #主要是配置httpd的默认配置，要事先准备好
drwxr-xr-x. 5 nobody nfsnobody 4096 Nov 3 14:00 wordpress #wordpres的安装程序，注意这里的配置文件已经更改了后面的连接数据库
[18:58 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]#vim roles/web/files/wordpress/wp-config.php #修改数据库信息，信息已经在后面的mysql剧本已经定义好了
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define('DB_NAME', 'wp');
/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'wpuser');
/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'wppass');
/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '10.1.252.109');
/** 创建数据表时默认的文字编码 */
define('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8');
(4)添加主剧本：
[20:28 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ll web.yml -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 51 Nov 2 20:22 web.yml [20:28 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# pwd /etc/ansible [20:28 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat web.yml - hosts: web remote_user: root roles: - web
检查语法没有问题：
[20:25 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check web.yml playbook: web.yml
4、下面来部署前端的nginx调度起和keepalived配置：
(1)添加task任务：
[19:34 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml
- name: install keepalived
yum: name=keepalived
- name: copy nginx
copy: src=nginx-1.10.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp/nginx.rpm
- name: install nginx
yum: name=/tmp/nginx.rpm
- name: delete the nginx pkg
shell: "rm -f /tmp/nginx.rpm"
- name: config nginx&keepalived
template: src=keepalived.j2 dest=/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
notify: reload the service
- name: config nginx&keepalived
template: src=nginx.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify: reload the service
- name: start the service
service: name={{ item }} state=started
with_items:
- keepalived
- nginx
(2)添加handlers：
[21:28 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]#cat roles/nginx/handlers/mainx.yml
- name: reload the service
service: name={{ item }} state=restarted
with_items:
- nginx
- keepalived
(3)在hosts列表中复制变量：
(3)在hosts列表中复制变量：
[19:38 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat hosts # This is the default ansible 'hosts' file. # # It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts # # - Comments begin with the '#' character # - Blank lines are ignored # - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements # - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses # - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups # Ex 1: Ungrouped hosts, specify before any group headers. [web] 10.1.252.215 10.1.252.235 [nginx] 10.1.253.107 state=MASTER priority=100 10.1.249.75 state=BACKUP priority=90 [mysql] 10.1.252.36
(4)提供files文件：nginx的安装程序
[19:39 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ll roles/nginx/files/
total 644
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 655648 Apr 29 2016 nginx-1.10.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm
(5)在template中使用了变量：
nginx配置：
(5)在template中使用了变量：
[21:33 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/nginx/templates/nginx.j2
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }}; #使用变量，进程数为cpu数量：
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
upstream web {
server 10.1.24.113;
server 10.1.24.114;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://web;
}
}
keepalived配置：
[21:33 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/nginx/templates/keepalived.j2
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state {{ state }} #使用变量，变量在hosts中已经定义了
interface eno16777746
virtual_router_id 55
priority {{ priority }} #使用变量，变量在hosts中已经定义了
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 232332
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.24.222
}
}
(6)添加主剧本：
[21:30 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat nginx.yml - hosts: nginx remote_user: root roles: - nginx
(7)语法检测没有问题
[21:34 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]#ansible-playbook --syntax-check nginxx.yml
playbook: nginx.yml
5、设置mysql：
(1)设置mysql的task：
[18:46 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install mysql
yum: name=mysql-server
- name: copy sql file
copy: src=mysql.sql dest=/tmp/mysql.sql
- name: start mysql service
service: name=mysqld state=started
- name: config mysql
shell: "mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql"
(2)设置files文件
[18:47 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ll roles/mysql/files/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 3 15:41 mysql.sql
[19:39 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/mysql/files/mysql.sql #提供数据库的sql脚本，创建wordpres的用户和数据库
CREATE DATABASE wp;
GRANT ALL ON wp.* TO 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wppass';
(3)添加主剧本：
[18:48 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat mysql.yml
- hosts: mysql
remote_user: root
roles:
- mysql
(8)语法检查没有问题：
[18:49 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check mysql.yml
playbook: mysql.yml
mysql的ansible配置已经完成
5、设置mysql：
(1)设置mysql的task：
[18:46 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml - name: install mysql yum: name=mysql-server - name: copy sql file copy: src=mysql.sql dest=/tmp/mysql.sql - name: start mysql service service: name=mysqld state=started - name: config mysql shell: "mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql"
(2)设置files文件
[18:47 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ll roles/mysql/files/ total 4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 78 Nov 3 15:41 mysql.sql [19:39 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat roles/mysql/files/mysql.sql #提供数据库的sql脚本，创建wordpres的用户和数据库 CREATE DATABASE wp; GRANT ALL ON wp.* TO 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wppass';
(3)添加主剧本：
[18:48 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# cat mysql.yml - hosts: mysql remote_user: root roles: - mysql
(4)语法检查没有问题：
[18:49 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check mysql.yml
playbook: mysql.yml
mysql的ansible配置已经完成
6、至此，web、nginx+keepalived、mysql的配置都已经完成，下面来依次执行剧本
(1)来看下整个目录的结构：
[19:05 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# tree -L 4 . ├── ansible.cfg ├── ansible.cfg.bak ├── hosts ├── mysql.yml ├── nginx.yml ├── roles │ ├── mysql │ │ ├── default │ │ ├── files │ │ │ └── mysql.sql │ │ ├── handlers │ │ ├── meta │ │ ├── tasks │ │ │ └── main.yml │ │ ├── templates │ │ └── variables │ ├── nginx │ │ ├── default │ │ ├── files │ │ │ └── nginx-1.10.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm │ │ ├── handlers │ │ │ └── main.yml │ │ ├── meta │ │ ├── tasks │ │ │ └── main.yml │ │ ├── templates │ │ │ ├── keepalived.j2 │ │ │ └── nginx.j2 │ │ └── variables │ └── web │ ├── default │ ├── files │ │ ├── httpd.conf │ │ └── wordpress │ ├── handlers │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── meta │ ├── tasks │ │ └── main.yml │ ├── templates │ └── variables ├── test.yaml └── web.yml 26 directories, 17 files
(2)执行web的playbook：
[17:15 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook web.yml
PLAY [web] ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [10.1.252.235]
ok: [10.1.252.215]
TASK: [web | install web pakgs] ***********************************************
ok: [10.1.252.215] => (item=httpd,php,php-mysql)
ok: [10.1.252.235] => (item=httpd,php,php-mysql)
TASK: [web | config the web] **************************************************
ok: [10.1.252.215]
ok: [10.1.252.235]
TASK: [web | install wordpress] ***********************************************
changed: [10.1.252.235]
changed: [10.1.252.215]
TASK: [web | restart the service] *********************************************
ok: [10.1.252.215]
ok: [10.1.252.235]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
10.1.252.215 : ok=5 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
10.1.252.235 : ok=5 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
(3)执行mysql的playbook：
[18:52 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook mysql.yml
PLAY [mysql] ******************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [10.1.252.36]
TASK: [mysql | install mysql] *************************************************
ok: [10.1.252.36]
TASK: [mysql | copy sql file] *************************************************
ok: [10.1.252.36]
TASK: [mysql | start mysql service] *******************************************
ok: [10.1.252.36]
TASK: [mysql | config mysql] **************************************************
skipping: [10.1.252.36]
ok: [10.1.252.36]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
10.1.252.36 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
(3)执行mysql的playbook：
[18:52 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook mysql.yml PLAY [mysql] ****************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [10.1.252.36] TASK: [mysql | install mysql] ************************************************* ok: [10.1.252.36] TASK: [mysql | copy sql file] ************************************************* ok: [10.1.252.36] TASK: [mysql | start mysql service] ******************************************* ok: [10.1.252.36] TASK: [mysql | config mysql] ************************************************** skipping: [10.1.252.36] ok: [10.1.252.36] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 10.1.252.36 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
(4)执行nginx的playbook：
[18:53 root@centos6.8/etc/ansible]# ansible-playbook nginx.yml PLAY [nginx] ****************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [10.1.249.75] ok: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | install keepalived] ******************************************** ok: [10.1.253.107] ok: [10.1.249.75] TASK: [nginx | copy nginx] **************************************************** changed: [10.1.249.75] changed: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | install nginx] ************************************************* ok: [10.1.249.75] ok: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | delete the nginx pkg] ****************************************** changed: [10.1.249.75] changed: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | config nginx&keepalived] *************************************** ok: [10.1.249.75] ok: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | config nginx&keepalived] *************************************** ok: [10.1.249.75] ok: [10.1.253.107] TASK: [nginx | start the service] ********************************************* ok: [10.1.253.107] => (item=keepalived) ok: [10.1.249.75] => (item=keepalived) ok: [10.1.253.107] => (item=nginx) ok: [10.1.249.75] => (item=nginx) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 10.1.249.75 : ok=8 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 10.1.253.107 : ok=8 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
结果如下
所遇到的问题：在每个task中的name任务中不能有过多的任务，必须要分为多个步骤进行，如此例中的copy nginx然后再yum nginx，不能写在同一个name中，否则会报错！此外，copy的模块拷贝目录时注意最后的“/” 问题。
原创文章，作者：renjin，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/78843
