1、写一个脚本，使用ping命令探测172.16.250.1-172.16.250.254之间的所有主机的在线状态；
在线的主机使用绿色显示；
不在线的主使用红色显示；
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..254};do
if ping -c 1 -w 1 192.168.1.$i &> /dev/null;then
echo -e "\033[32m192.168.1.$i\033[0m is up"
else
echo -e "\033[31m192.168.1.$i\033[0m is down"
fi
done
2、如何给网络接口配置多个地址，有哪些
1.使用ifcfg工具来配置
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #先查看下本地网络接口，以ens36为例进行配置多个地址
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 258664 bytes 16503651 (15.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 41 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 21160 bytes 2557022 (2.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.25 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e9d2:3bcd:cc12:fcd6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 128498 bytes 8532781 (8.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 7653 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 17151 bytes 2660221 (2.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 210 bytes 18936 (18.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 210 bytes 18936 (18.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens36:0 192.168.1.101/24 #ifconfig进行配置多地址时需要在接口号后面加上:#来进行配置多个地址
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig #再次查看本地网络接口时出现一个名为ens36:0的接口号，这个为ens36的第2个网络地址
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 259063 bytes 16528702 (15.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 41 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 21174 bytes 2558222 (2.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.25 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e9d2:3bcd:cc12:fcd6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 129198 bytes 8583799 (8.1 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 7653 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 17375 bytes 2687139 (2.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 210 bytes 18936 (18.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 210 bytes 18936 (18.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2.使用ip命令进行配置
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr list #使用ip addr list来查看本地接口配置，依旧以ens36为例进行配置
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.22/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic ens33
valid_lft 85503sec preferred_lft 85503sec
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.25/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic ens36
valid_lft 55915sec preferred_lft 55915sec
inet 192.168.1.101/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary ens36:0 #此为刚才ifconfig命令配置的地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::e9d2:3bcd:cc12:fcd6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.168.1.102/24 dev ens36 #使用 ip addr add命令为ens36添加地址为192.168.1.102/24的地址
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr lis #配置完毕再次查看接口
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.22/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic ens33
valid_lft 85418sec preferred_lft 85418sec
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.25/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic ens36
valid_lft 55830sec preferred_lft 55830sec
inet 192.168.1.101/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary ens36:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.1.102/24 scope global secondary ens36 #此为是用ip命令为此接口配置的第3条地址
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::e9d2:3bcd:cc12:fcd6/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
注意：以上2条命令为通过命令直接送至内核当场有效，重启后无效，若要永久有效需通过修改配置文件来实现。
3.通过修改配置文件进行配置
网络配置的配置文件在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/下以ifcfg-IFACE名明的文件。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts]# ls #此处任然以ifcfg-ens36为例，由于是命令行配置的地址所以没有配置文件需要手动去创建配置文件 ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ippp ifdown-sit ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-Team network-functions-ipv6 ifcfg-lo ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-Team ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-TeamPort ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ib ifup-post ifup-tunnel ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-ppp ifup-wireless ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-routes init.ipv6-global ifdown-ib ifdown-routes ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-sit network-functions
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens36 #复制ens33的配置文件命名为ens36然后进行手动配置 [root@localhost network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ib ifdown-routes ifup-aliases ifup-isdn ifup-sit network-functions ifcfg-ens36 ifdown-ippp ifdown-sit ifup-bnep ifup-plip ifup-Team network-functions-ipv6 ifcfg-lo ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-Team ifup-eth ifup-plusb ifup-TeamPort ifdown ifdown-isdn ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ib ifup-post ifup-tunnel ifdown-bnep ifdown-post ifdown-tunnel ifup-ippp ifup-ppp ifup-wireless ifdown-eth ifdown-ppp ifup ifup-ipv6 ifup-routes init.ipv6-global
使用vim编辑ifcfg-ens36这个文件
TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="192.168.2.100" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" GATEWAY="192.168.2.1" NAME="ens36" DEVICE="ens36" ONBOOT="yes" ~
配置完成后保存退出，由于是通过配置文件进行修改，此时需要重启网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig #再次查看网络接口
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 268920 bytes 17141298 (16.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 42 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 21373 bytes 2579314 (2.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.2.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 #此时接口地址已经变为配置文件所修改的内容
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feca:aaaa prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 140651 bytes 9339322 (8.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 7666 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 19594 bytes 2914428 (2.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 262 bytes 23376 (22.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 262 bytes 23376 (22.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
再此需要对此接口进行配置网络地址时，需要复制原配置文件并把配置文件名字改为原名字后加上:#的格式，然后使用vim对配置文件内容进行修改
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens36 ifcfg-ens36:0 #复制原文件改名 [root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens36:0 #编辑此配置文件 TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="192.168.2.105" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" GATEWAY="192.168.2.1" NAME="ens36:0" DEVICE="ens36:0" ONBOOT="yes" ~
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network #重启网络服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
inet6 fe80::e4e8:fedc:3ce4:f467 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:a0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 269861 bytes 17214441 (16.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 42 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 21709 bytes 2627749 (2.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.2.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feca:aaaa prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 141164 bytes 9373345 (8.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 7821 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 19629 bytes 2919336 (2.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens36:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 #此时出现了ens36接口上的第二个网络地址
inet 192.168.2.105 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
ether 00:0c:29:ca:aa:aa txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 298 bytes 26456 (25.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 298 bytes 26456 (25.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ee:0e:1c txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
4.使用nmcli命令添加地址
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli conn modify ens36 +ipv4.address 192.168.2.201/24 #为ens36显卡添加新地址 [root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network #重启网路服务 [root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli dev show ens36 GENERAL.设备: ens36 GENERAL.类型: ethernet GENERAL.硬盘: 00:0C:29:CA:AA:AA GENERAL.MTU: 1500 GENERAL.状态: 100 (连接的) GENERAL.CONNECTION: ens36 GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/31 WIRED-PROPERTIES.容器: 开 IP4.地址[1]: 192.168.2.100/24 IP4.地址[2]: 192.168.2.201/24 #此处为新添加的网络地址 IP4.地址[3]: 192.168.2.105/24 IP4.网关: 192.168.2.1 IP6.地址[1]: fe80::20c:29ff:feca:aaaa/64 IP6.网关:
5.使用nmtui进行配置
完成配置后保存退出
3、写一个脚本，完成以下功能
(1) 假设某目录(/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/)下分别有K开头的文件和S开头的文件若干；
(2) 显示所有以K开头的文件的文件名，并且给其附加一个stop字符串；
(3) 显示所有以S开头的文件的文件名，并且给其附加一个start字符串；
(4) 分别统计S开头和K开头的文件各有多少；
#!/bin/bash
declare -i n=0;
declare -i m=0;
for FILE in `ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d`;do
if [[ $FILE =~ ^K ]];then
echo "$FILE stop"
let n=$n+1
elif [[ $FILE =~ ^S ]];then
echo "$FILE start"
let m=$m+1
fi
done
echo "First char is S = $m , First char is K = $n"
4、写一个脚本，完成以下功能
(1) 脚本能接受用户名作为参数；
(2) 计算此些用户的ID之和；
#!/bin/bash
declare -i SUM=0
for i in $@;do
if ! id $i &> /dev/null ; then
echo "$i is not exists"
else
let SUM=$SUM+$(id -u $i);
fi
done
echo "uid sum = $SUM"
5、写一个脚本
(1) 传递一些目录给此脚本；
(2) 逐个显示每个目录的所有一级文件或子目录的内容类型；
(3) 统计一共有多少个目录；且一共显示了多少个文件的内容类型；
#!/bin/bash
declare -i dir=0
declare -i filetype=0
for i in $@;do
if [ -d $i ];then
for j in $i/*;do
file $j &> /dev/null
let filetype=$filetype+1
if [ -d $j ];then
let dir=$dir+1
fi
done
else
echo "$i is not a dirfile or not exists"
fi
done
echo " dir = $dir ,all file = $filetype
6、写一个脚本
通过命令行传递一个参数给脚本，参数为用户名
如果用户的id号大于等于500，则显示此用户为普通用户
#!/bin/bash
read -p "please send a username:" UNAME
if id $UNAME &> /dev/null ;then
if [ $(id -u $UNAME) -gt 500 ];then
echo "this is a normal user"
fi
else
echo "no this user"
fi
7、写一脚本，用ping命令测试172.16.250.20-172.16.250.100以内有哪些主机在线，将在线的显示出来；
#!/bin/bash
for i in {20..100};do
if ping -c 1 -w 1 172.16.250.$i &> /dev/null;then
echo "172.16.250.$i online"
fi
done
8、打印九九乘法表；
#!/bin/bash
for i in {1..9};do
for j in `seq $i`;do
let num=$j*$i
echo -n -e "$j*$i=$num\t"
done
echo
done
原创文章，作者：M36-Masuri，如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.178linux.com/79365
