磁盘及文件系统管理应用实例
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1.创建一个10G的分区,并格式化为ext4文件系统
- 要求其block大小为2048,预留空间百分比为2,卷标为MYDATA,默认挂载属性包含acl
- 挂载至/data/mydata目录,要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行,且不更新文件的访问时间戳
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L MYDATA /dev/sdb1 [root@master ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1 [root@master ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
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2.创建一个大小为1G的swap分区,并创建好文件系统,并启用之,写一个脚本
- 获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备
- 显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区的相关的空间使用信息
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568): Using default value 20973568 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1G Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris' Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mkswap -L SWAP /dev/sdb2 [root@master ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2 #!/bin/bash # disks=`fdisk -l|grep -o '^Disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]'|cut -d' ' -f2` echo $disks for i in $disks;do fdisk -l $i done
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3.总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同
RAID(冗余磁盘阵列)是将多块磁盘当做一块物理磁盘来使用,以达到容错或者提高读写性能的优势。按照 组织起来的工作方式的不同,我们可以将RAID分为不同的级别,其中常见的有RAID0、RAID1、RAID5、RAID10-
RAID0
- 俗称条带卷,实现将文件分成多个chunk后同时并行存储到多个盘中。
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特性
读写性能得到提升 无冗余能力 最少磁盘数为2 可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数
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RAID1
- 俗称镜像卷,在存储数据的同时需要再复制一份存入另一个磁盘中。
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特性
读性能提升,写性能下降 有冗余能力 最少磁盘数为2,偶数 可用空间小于1/2
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RAID5
- 将文件分成多个chunk,两两chunk之间作异或运算,各盘轮流存储校验码
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特点
读写性能提升 有冗余能力 最少磁盘数为3 可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*(磁盘数-1)
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RAID10
- 先两两做raid1,后将多组raid1组织成raid0
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特点
读写性能提升 有冗余能力 最小磁盘数4 可用空间为容量最小的磁盘*磁盘数/2
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RAID0
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4.创建一个大小为10G的RAID1,要求有一个空闲盘,而且chunk大小为128k
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): +10G Value out of range. First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): Using default value 20973568 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088): Using default value 41945088 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -c 128 -x 1 -l 1 -a yes /dev/sdb{1,2,3} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
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5.创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备,chunk大小为256k,格式化ext4文件系统,要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录,且不更新访问时间戳,且支持acl功能
“`[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 5 First sector (62918656-104857599, default 62918656): Using default value 62918656 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 6 First sector (67115008-104857599, default 67115008): Using default value 67115008 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (67115008-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 7 First sector (71311360-104857599, default 71311360): Using default value 71311360 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (71311360-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 -a yes /dev/sdb{5,6,7} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. [root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1 [root@master ~]# mkdir /backup [root@master ~]# mount -o auto /dev/md1 /backup
原创文章,作者:N27_xiaoni,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/84386
评论列表(1条)
磁盘的管理直接关乎到数据的安全性,所以务必掌握扎实。再接再励 。