用户、组管理练习
一、创建的内容:
1、组Rockets,Knicks,Cavaliers,他们的GID分别是501,540,530。
2、用户James(theBeard),Chris(CP3),Lebron(King),Carmelo(Melo),他们的uid分别是511,512,531,541,分别属于Rockets,Rockets,Cavaliers,Knicks附加组括号内是他们的描述。
3、明文修改James的密码为111111,其他人员下次登录时必须修改密码。
4、将James设为附加组组管理员。
5、查看Lebron的描述文件。
6、将Carmelo的附加组改为Rockets并查看他的uid。
7、将Chris的附加组改为Cavaliers。
8、切换登陆用户为James。
9、查看附加组非别为Rockets,Knicks,Cavaliers的用户。
二、操作过程:
1.创建groupadd组rockets,gid=501 groupadd -g
[root@h(Brad) ~]#groupadd -g 501 Houston
groupadd: GID ‘501’ already exists
2.修改gid 501的组名为Rockets
groupmod -n
[root@h(Brad) ~]#grep 501 /etc/group
maxxi:x:501:
[root@h(Brad) ~]#groupmod -n Rockets maxxi
[root@h(Brad) ~]#grep 501
/etc/group
Rockets:x:501:
3.创建用户或修改一个用户name=James,uid511,-c theBeard
查看其uid、gid
明文修改密码为111111 passwd –stdin
修改附属组为Houston Rockets
[root@h(Brad) ~]#useradd -u 511 -g 501 -c ‘theBeard’ JameHarden
useradd: UID 511 is not unique
[root@h(Brad) ~]#grep 511 /etc/passwd
gentoo:x:511:511:Gentoo Distribution:/home/gentoo:/bin/csh
[root@h(Brad) ~]#usermod -g Rockets -l James gentoo
[root@h(Brad) ~]#vim /etc/passwd
James:x:511:501:theBeard:/home/gentoo:/bin/csh
“/etc/passwd” 43L, 2050C written
[root@h(Brad) gentoo]#usermod -md /home/James James
[root@h(Brad) home]#ll -a /home/James
total 28
drwx——. 4 James James 4096 Aug 30 06:36 .
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Aug 30 21:13 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 James James 18 Mar 23 08:15 .bash_logout
-rw-r–r–. 1 James James 176 Mar 23 08:15 .bash_profile
-rw-r–r–. 1 James James 124 Mar 23 08:15 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 James James 4096 Nov 12 2010 .gnome2
drwxr-xr-x. 4 James James 4096 Aug 28 17:09 .mozilla
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd –stdin James
Changing password for user James.
111111
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@h(Brad) home]#chfn James
Changing finger information for James.
Name [theBeard]: Beard
Office []: Houston
Office Phone []: 013013
Home Phone []: 013013
Finger information changed.
2.1给组Rockets设置管理员为James gpasswd -A
[root@h(Brad) home]#gpasswd -A James Rockets
[root@h(Brad) home]#grep Rockets /etc/gshadow
Rockets:!:James:James
3.useradd Chris,-c CP3,group =Rockets,uid=512
下次登录时修改密码passwd -e
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -u 512 -g 511 -G 511 -c ‘CP3’ Chris
useradd: UID 512 is not unique
[root@h(Brad) home]#grep 512 /etc/passwd
huangzhong:x:512:508::/home/huangzhong:/bin/bash
[root@h(Brad) home]#userdel -r huangzhong
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -u 512 -g 501 -G 501 -c ‘CP3’ Chris
[root@h(Brad) home]#id Chris
uid=512(Chris) gid=501(Rockets) groups=501(Rockets)
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd -e Chris
Expiring password for user Chris.
passwd: Success
4.useradd Carmelo,0-c melo,group=Knicks,uid=541
下次登录时修改密码
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupadd -g 540 Knicks
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -u 541 -g 540 -G 540 -c ‘Melo’ Carmelo
[root@h(Brad) home]#grep 541 /etc/passwd
[root@h(Brad) home]#gpasswd -a Carmelo Knicks
Adding user Carmelo to group Knicks
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd -e Carmelo
Expiring password for user Carmelo.
passwd: Success
5.useradd Lebron,-c King group=cavaliers,uid=531
下次登录时修改密码
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupadd -g 530 Cavaliers
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -u 531 -g 530 -G 530 -c ‘King’ Lebron
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd -e Lebron
Expiring password for user Lebron.
passwd: Success
[root@h(Brad) home]#gpasswd -a Lebron Cavaliers
Adding user Lebron to group Cavaliers
6.查看Lebron的Comments
[root@h(Brad) home]#grep Lebron /etc/passwd
Lebron:x:531:530:King:/home/Lebron:/bin/bash
7.修改Carmelo的附加组为Rockets
[root@h(Brad) home]#usermod -G Rockets Carmelo
8.id看看Carmelo的uid
[root@h(Brad) home]#id -u Carmelo
541
9.指定chris加入组Cavaliers groupmems -a
[root@h(Brad) home]#usermod -g 530 -G 530 Chris
10.登录式切换用户为James
[root@h(Brad) home]#su – James
[James@Centos69 ~]$
11.显示组Rockets、Knicks、Cavaliers的用户
[root@h(Brad) James]#groupmems -g Rockets -l
bash: groupmems: command not found
[root@h(Brad) James]#^C
[root@h(Brad) James]#exit
exit
[James@Centos69 ~]$ exit
logout
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupmems -g Rockets -l
James Carmelo
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupmems -g Cavaliers -l
Lebron Chris
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupmems -g Knicks -l
提示:
su 只能切换到管理员用户权限,不使用管理员登录脚本和搜索路径;
su – 不仅切换到管理员用户权限,还使用管理员登录脚本和搜索路径。
三、练习2:
创建下面的用户、组和组成员关系
1、名字为admins 的组
[root@h(Brad) home]#groupmod -n admins administrators
用户natasha,使用admins 作为附属组
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -G admins natasha
[root@h(Brad) home]#id natasha
uid=542(natasha) gid=542(natasha) groups=542(natasha),512(admins)
2、用户harry,也使用admins 作为附属组
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -G admins harry
[root@h(Brad) home]#id harry
uid=543(harry) gid=543(harry) groups=543(harry),512(admins)
3、用户sarah,不可交互登录系统,且不是admins 的成员,
[root@h(Brad) home]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin sarah
natasha,harry,sarah密码都是centos
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd natasha
Changing password for user natasha.
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@h(Brad) home]#passwd –stdin harry
Changing password for user harry.
centos
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@h(Brad) home]#echo centos |passwd –stdin sarah
Changing password for user sarah.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
四、权限配置练习:
如下文件
[root@h(Brad) home]#ll -a guanyu
total 36
drwx——. 4 guanyu guanyu 4096 Aug 30 08:39 .
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Aug 30 22:56 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 guanyu root 7 Aug 30 10:52 1.txt
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 0 Aug 30 08:39 2.txt
1.chgrp命令修改1.txt文件所属的组为“shu”
[root@h(Brad) home]#chgrp shu /home/guanyu/1.txt
[root@h(Brad) home]#ll -a guanyu
total 36
drwx——. 4 guanyu guanyu 4096 Aug 30 08:39 .
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Aug 30 22:56 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 guanyu shu 7 Aug 30 10:52 1.txt
2.chown命令修改2.txt属于guanyu,所属组为shu
[root@h(Brad) home]#chown guanyu:shu guanyu/2.txt
[root@h(Brad) home]#ll -a guanyu
total 36
drwx——. 4 guanyu guanyu 4096 Aug 30 08:39 .
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Aug 30 22:56 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 guanyu shu 7 Aug 30 10:52 1.txt
-rw-r–r–. 1 guanyu shu 0 Aug 30 08:39 2.txt
3.chmod命令修改2.txt的权限分别为User-read,write,execute,Group-read,execute,Others-0。
[root@h(Brad) home]#chmod 0754 guanyu/2.txt
[root@h(Brad) home]#ll -a guanyu
total 36
drwx——. 4 guanyu guanyu 4096 Aug 30 08:39 .
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Aug 30 22:56 ..
-rw-r–r–. 1 guanyu shu 7 Aug 30 10:52 1.txt
-rwxr-xr–. 1 guanyu shu 0 Aug 30 08:39 2.txt
原创文章,作者:manbinn,如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.178linux.com/86146